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Recent technological developments provide easy access to use an artificial oxygen supply (hyperoxia) during exercise training. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a commercially available oxygen compressor inducing low-dose hyperoxia, on limiting factors of endurance performance. Thirteen active men (age 24 ± 3 years) performed a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session (5 × 3 min at 80% of W max , separated by 2 min at 40% W max ) on a cycle ergometer, both in hyperoxia (4 L∙min −1 , 94% O 2 , HYP) or ambient conditions (21% O 2 , NORM) in randomized order. The primary outcome was defined as red blood cell deformability (RBC-D), while our secondary interest included changes in muscle oxygenation. RBC-D was expressed by the ratio of shear stress at half-maximal deformation (SS 1 / 2 ) and maximal deformability (EI max ) and muscle oxygenation of the rectus femoris muscle was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. No statistically significant changes occurred in SS 1 / 2 and EI max in either condition. The ratio of SS 1 / 2 to EI max statistically decreased in NORM ( p < 0.01; Δ: −0.10; 95%CI: −0.22, 0.02) but not HYP ( p > 0.05; Δ: −0.16; 95%CI: −0.23, −0.08). Muscle oxygenation remained unchanged. This study showed that low-dose hyperoxia during HIIE using a commercially available device with a flow rate of only 4 L·min −1 may not be sufficient to induce acute ergogenic effects compared to normoxic conditions. Keywords: oxygen therapy; oxygen supplementation; FiO 2 ; oxygen kinetics; hemorheologic response; NIRS; interval exercise oxygen therapy ; oxygen supplementation ; FiO 2 ; oxygen kinetics ; hemorheologic response ; NIRS ; interval exercise This MDPI and ACS Style Freitag, N.; Böttrich, T.; Weber, P.D.; Manferdelli, G.; Bizjak, D.A.; Grau, M.; Sanders, T.C.; Bloch, W.; Schumann, M. Acute Low-Dose Hyperoxia during a Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Does Not Affect Red Blood Cell Deformability and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Men—A Randomized Crossover Study. Sports 2020 , 8 , 4. AMA Style Freitag N, Böttrich T, Weber PD, Manferdelli G, Bizjak DA, Grau M, Sanders TC, Bloch W, Schumann M. Acute Low-Dose Hyperoxia during a Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Does Not Affect Red Blood Cell Deformability and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Men—A Randomized Crossover Study. Sports . 2020; 8(1):4. Freitag, Nils; Böttrich, Tim; Weber, Pia D.; Manferdelli, Giorgio; Bizjak, Daniel A.; Grau, Marijke; Sanders, Tanja C.; Bloch, Wilhelm; Schumann, Moritz. 2020. "Acute Low-Dose Hyperoxia during a Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Does Not Affect Red Blood Cell Deformability and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Men—A Randomized Crossover Study." Sports 8, no. 1: 4. Find Other Styles Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here . Article Metrics